Hadrian

Before being named Trajan’s successor as Roman emperor, Hadrian spent time in Athens that encouraged his interest in Hellenic culture. After becoming emperor in 117, Hadrian sponsored public works projects in Athens and granted Greeks equal representation in Rome. Hadrian’s portraiture, characterized by his long hair and tight beard, demonstrates the extent of his philhellenism. Learn more.

The Pantheon in Rome is arguably the most famous structure associated with Hadrian. Virtually intact today, it synthesizes Greek and Roman architectural elements, among them the characteristic dome and oculus. Hadrian’s opulent countryside villa is also well known. Spanning seven square miles, it demonstrates the architectural prowess and cultural scope of the empire at its peak.

Hadrian made several efforts to Romanize the Jewish province of Judaea, sparking a widespread Jewish revolt in 132 CE under Bar Kokhba. Despite initial successes, the insurgents were eventually defeated by a scorched-earth campaign that ravaged the province. Hadrian punished Judaea’s Jewish population with laws aimed at eradicating the people and their religion. Learn more.